🤖 AI Summary
ノルウェーで63歳の男性が、兄から幹細胞移植を受け、HIVに完全に治癒した可能性があると報告されています。この男性は2018年に骨髄からの血液細胞生成を弱める骨髓異常症候群（myelodysplastic syndrome）で診断され、その治療後2年で悪化し、幹細胞移植が必要となりました。さらに2006年にHIVに感染していたこともあり、両方の病気を同時に治すことを期待していましたが、成功率は低く考えられていました。
移植前のスクリーニングでは、CCR5ゲノム（白血球受容体を制御する遺伝子）に特定のミュータントを持つ人を見つけることができませんでした。そこで、兄弟どちらも骨髄は適合していて、その中から移植を行うことになりましたが、移植当日には驚くべきことが判明し、兄弟双方ともCCR5-delta 32というミュータントを持っていたことが分かりました。
手術後は複数の并发症が発生しましたが、新しい血液細胞はこのミュータントを持つようになりました。抗HIV薬を2年間停药した後も、定期的な検査でウイルスの痕跡は見つからなかったことから、男性は完全に治癒している可能性があるとされています。
これは世界で10例目で、初めて家族からの移植によるHIV治癒事例です。
A 63-year-old man in Norway appears to be cured of HIV after receiving a stem cell transplant from his brother, who turned out to have a rare mutation that makes immune cells resistant to HIV. "Four years after the transplant, and two years after the man stopped antiretroviral therapy, he still appears to be free of the infection," reports Gizmodo. From the report: According to the report, the man was first diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome, a type of cancer that weakens blood cell production from bone marrow, in 2018. Though he seemed to initially respond to treatment, the cancer returned after two years, and doctors decided to perform a stem cell transplant. Because the man also had HIV (diagnosed in 2006), the doctors were hoping to treat both conditions at once, though they knew their chances were low. Most of these cases have involved the use of stem cells taken from people with two copies of a particular mutation in their CCR5 gene, which regulates the CC5R receptor on white blood cells. This mutation, named CCR5-delta 32, makes immune cells naturally resistant to infection from strains of HIV-1 (the most common type of the virus). However, only about 1% of the population carries two copies of the mutation.
After initial screening failed to find someone who both possessed the mutation and had compatible bone marrow, the doctors decided to move ahead with the man's brother, who was already known to have compatible bone marrow. But to everyone's surprise, testing on the day of the transplant showed that the brother also had the mutation. Though the man did experience some complications from the procedure, his body successfully started to produce new blood cells with the mutation. The doctors decided to take him off antiretroviral medication two years after the transplant. And in the two years since then, regular follow-up tests have failed to show any signs of the virus in his system. [...] According to AFP, there have only been roughly 10 cases worldwide involving an HIV cure through stem cell transplantation. This is the first to involve a family donor.
Read more of this story at Slashdot.
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