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Scientists May Have Figured Out Why Dead Brains Don't Always Rot

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

記事によると、科学者が脳が死後腐らない理由を解明した可能性があると報告しています。通常、脳は死亡直後に他の器官よりも早く分解しますが、考古学者は4,400を超える保存された人間の脳を見つけています。この研究では、脳が千年にわたって存在する一方で、他の軟組織は消滅する理由を探求してきました。

特定の条件下では、腐敗によって保存が起きると研究者は報告しています。そのメカニズムについて、オックスフォード大学のパレオバイオロジストであるアレクサンドラ・セビール博士によれば、「酸素不足の環境下でこれらの反応は正常とは異なる方法で進展し、フリーイオン(高活性不安定分子)が周囲のタンパク質と結合することで組織全体が硬く、分解から守られる」と解説しています。つまり、腐敗と保存は特定の化学的制約下では共存するメカニズムだと研究者たちは結論付けました。

これらの研究結果はJournal of Proteome Researchに8月7日に掲載されました。
fahrbot-bot shares a report from Smithsonian Magazine: The brain is one of the first organs to begin decomposing after death. Yet archaeologists have discovered more than 4,400 preserved human brains around the world, some of which have remained intact for the last 12,000 years. In hundreds of cases, the brain was the only soft tissue left among otherwise skeletal remains. But how and why do brains sometimes persist for millennia while all other types of soft tissue disappear? This preservation paradox has stumped scientists for years. Now, however, a team of researchers say they may have solved the mystery. If a brain ends up in a wet, oxygen-starved environment, the processes that usually cause decay can have the opposite effect, researchers report in a study published in the August 7 issue of the Journal of Proteome Research. "Under the right conditions, preservation actually arises from decay itself: The same reactions that degrade tissue can also weld the breakdown products together into something far tougher," study co-author Alexandra Seviour, a paleobiologist at the University of Oxford in England, tells Live Science's Victoria Atkinson. Following experiments on 72 mouse carcasses (described in the article) the scientists think they know why. When oxygen is abundant, it triggers a cascading, chemical chain reaction that causes brain proteins to break down rapidly. This sequence hinges on free radicals, highly reactive, unstable molecules that "steal" electrons from nearby atoms and molecules. The process happens in the brains of living people too, and if left unchecked, can cause health problems. In low-oxygen environments, however, this chemical sequence appears to play out differently. The researchers' analyses hint that free radicals instead react and bond with nearby proteins, making the overall tissue tougher and more resistant to decomposition, Seviour tells Chemical and Engineering News' Anirban Mukhopadhyay. The findings show that "decay is not the opposite of preservation but, under specific chemical constraints, one of its mechanisms," the researchers write in the paper.

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SpaceX Plans to Build a $100 Billion Spaceport In Louisiana

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

SpaceXは、ロシアのベリルィオンパシフィックに新Starship打ち上げ施設「スターバse, LA」を建設することで合意し、約1兆円規模の投資を行う計画です。この施設は年間数千回の打ち上げを可能にする予定で、SpaceXの開発中の最大のロケットであるStarshipの主要な打ち出し拠点となります。

マuskは、スターリンク衛星ネットワークの大幅な拡大、宇宙データセンターの打ち上げ、火星 colonizationを目指しており、これらの野心とSpaceXの近2万兆円の市場評価額の正当性は、Starshipの成功に依存します。同社は約7年間をかけて施設建設場所を選定し、十分な燃料供給へのアクセスを得ました。

スペースXは、スターバse, LAでの就労者数が「おそらく1万人」になると表明しています。ロイズダム州政府の資料によれば、同社によりますと、「直近10年間で3000人の直接雇用」や「8100人の間接雇用」を生み出す見込みです。

また、スペースXはラジオネーム復元プロジェクトの一環として、州と提携して新施設周辺の湿地帯を修復し、台風対策も行う計画です。
SpaceX plans to spend up to $100 billion building a new Starship launch facility in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, which the state says could eventually "support thousands of launches annually." CNBC reports: Once built, Starbase, LA will serve as the main launch facility for Starship, SpaceX's in-development rocket that's the largest ever built and designed to be fully reusable. Musk has aspirations to massively expand SpaceX's Starlink satellite network, to launch orbital data centers and to someday colonize Mars. Those ambitions, and justification for SpaceX's nearly $2 trillion market cap, hinge on the success of Starship. SpaceX said, in a video posted to its website on Tuesday, that the search for a site to build launch pads and have access to ample fuel for its operations took about seven years. Musk said in the video that the company would bring "probably 10,000 really exciting jobs" to Louisiana with the spaceport. A fact sheet posted online by the state of Louisiana said SpaceX is expected to generate an estimated "3,000 direct new jobs over the next 10 years" in the state, and "8,100 indirect new jobs." SpaceX said it would work on a "historic coastal restoration" in Louisiana, in partnership with the state to "bring the marsh back" and ensure the wetlands around its new facility will have "storm protection."

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Lab Supply Companies Have Been Selling Antibodies Using Manipulated Images

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著者: BeauHD
An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: Antibodies play a central role in your body's immune defense. But they're also nearly ubiquitous in biological research, being essential for several widely used lab techniques. While some researchers need to go through the process of producing their own antibodies, antibodies to many key proteins are commercially available and can be ordered for overnight delivery. In May, however, Reese Richardson, a post-doc at Northwestern University, discovered that some of the images used to demonstrate how these antibodies performed in lab experiments had been subject to image manipulation -- the sorts of changes that would get a paper retracted if they had appeared in the academic literature. The manipulations ranged from removing background noise to copying and pasting data to fabricate results. Now, he has done a more exhaustive search and found problematic manipulations in images used to market over 17,000 commercial antibodies. [...] The consequences of this discovery are pretty significant. If you buy an antibody believing it will generate clean, clear data and find it doesn't, many researchers will assume the problem is them. That often leads them to spend time troubleshooting the procedure and trying slightly different conditions to get useful data. If the antibody can't produce those results, all the troubleshooting will have been a waste of time and money. Nature's coverage of the new findings includes quotes from several companies that sell these antibodies that, paraphrased, range from "we'll look into it" to "we don't think it's a problem." Researchers who have spent time frustrated while failing to get an antibody-based experiment to work may think otherwise.

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Alabama Launches Investigation Into OpenAI's Hack of Hugging Face

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著者: BeauHD
Alabama's attorney general has subpoenaed OpenAI as part of an investigation into whether inadequate safeguards contributed to an incident in which an unreleased cybersecurity model escaped its isolated environment and hacked Hugging Face. TechCrunch reports: The investigation comes weeks after OpenAI admitted that one of its unreleased and guardrail-free cybersecurity models had escaped an isolated environment, connected to the internet, and hacked AI dataset platform Hugging Face. As Reuters first reported, Hugging Face was only one of four victims of what was supposed to be "an internal evaluation" of a model with "maximal cyber capabilities," as OpenAI put it. The press release announcing the subpoena (PDF) sent by the state's attorney general Steve Marshall said that the state was seeking to understand if OpenAI's "inability or unwillingness to ensure the safety of its products" violated the state's consumer protection laws. Earlier this month, Marshall, along with the attorneys general of 14 other states, including Florida, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Texas, sent a letter (PDF) to OpenAI's CEO Sam Altman, requesting that he and his company preserve all records related to the Hugging Face incident. The letter also asked OpenAI to "immediately cease and desist" from any internal cybersecurity evaluations. OpenAI said in a statement: "The Hugging Face incident marked an important moment for AI safety and we are conducting a thorough review along with external advisors. Once the review is complete, we will share a technical report with relevant government authorities and publish our findings publicly."

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New Zealand Introduces Under-16 Social Media, AI Companion Ban

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著者: BeauHD
New Zealand has introduced legislation that would ban children under 16 from social media platforms and AI companion services. "We have protections to keep children safe in the real world and we need them in the virtual world too," said Prime Minister Christopher Luxon in announcing the bill. Jurist.org reports: The Online Safety (Minimum Age and Child Safety Risk Assessment) Bill would require an age restriction on platforms with harmful features for children. These features include recommender systems, endless feeds, feedback features and time-limited features. The bill also seeks to restrict underage users from accessing AI companion services. However, it explicitly excludes messaging apps, professional networking sites, gaming and music platforms, and other educational and health tools. Notably, age verification through self-declared dates of birth and formal identification does not satisfy the platforms' duty under the law. It also requires platforms to verify their users' age through other methods such as facial scans and user activity patterns. The bill would also require platforms to conduct child safety risk assessments for all users under 18 and protect them from harmful content such as bullying, violence, and sexually explicit materials.

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FDA Approves First Wearable Device to Monitor Glucose, Ketone Levels

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

FDAが認可した最初の連続可搬型装置によって、グルコースとケトン濃度の両方を単一システムでリアルタイムにモニタリングすることが可能になりました。Abbott社のLibre Duo 10 Dayは、皮膚下の体液から毎分一度ずつグルコースとケトン濃度を測定し、スマートフォン経由でデータを送信します。この装置は血中グルコースとケトン濃度の傾向を示すとともに、異常なケトンレベルに達した場合に警告も発生します。

ケトンは脂肪がグルコースよりも優先される際に体内で生成されます。ケトン値が過剰になると、糖尿病患者は重篤な合併症である糖尿病性ケトンーシス(DKA)を発症する可能性があります。これまでには、一時的なポイント測定しか得られず、ケトンレベルが上昇しているか下降しているかを把握することが困難でした。特にDKAリスクが高い糖尿病患者は、継続的なグルコースとケトンのモニタリングにより、代謝の悪化を早期に警戒し、入院前の管理、水分補給、インスリン調整、適切な治療開始などを支援することができます。

この新しい装置は、患者が自身の健康状態をより正確に把握する手段として重要であり、糖尿病の合併症の発生を予防するためにも役立ちます。
The FDA has authorized the first wearable in the U.S. to continuously monitor ketone levels and the first device globally to track both ketones and glucose together in a single system. From a report: [Abbott's] Libre Duo 10 Day continuously measures both glucose and ketone levels in the fluid just beneath the skin every minute, day and night. Readings are transmitted wirelessly to a compatible smartphone, where users can view current glucose and ketone levels and whether those values are trending up or down. The device also can send automatic alerts if ketone levels reach a concerning threshold. The FDA noted that ketone information should be interpreted in the context of glucose readings and symptoms. Ketones are produced when the body uses fat instead of glucose for energy. When ketone levels rise too high, patients with diabetes can develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication that can progress quickly and become life-threatening without prompt treatment. Until now, patients who needed ketone monitoring had to test separately using methods that provided a single measurement at one point in time. Those tests could not show whether ketone levels were rising or falling. For patients with diabetes -- particularly those at higher risk for DKA -- continuous glucose and ketone monitoring may provide earlier warning of metabolic deterioration and support timelier sick-day management, hydration, insulin adjustment, and escalation of care when clinically appropriate.

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Canadian Streaming Content Becomes a US Trade Issue

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

カナダの文化コンテンツ規則が、アメリカとの貿易争いの新たな焦点となっています。米国の交渉担当者はオタワに対して、ストリーミングサービスによるカナダやフランス語コンテンツの推進要件を撤廃するよう要求しましたが、カナダはこれを拒否。政府は2022年にオンライン配信法を制定し、ストリーミングサービスも同様にカナダコンテンツへの投資を求めました。しかし、米国の主要なストリーミング企業たちは反対し、法案は可決されましたが、具体的な金額の決定权はカナダ放送監督委員会(CRTC)に委ねられました。アメリカがこの問題に関心を持っている理由については、マクレーン大学のポスドクフェローであるマルイアン・ボルシュアイ=ラポルト氏は「アメリカン・コンテンツの世界への押し出しは、戦後から米国の文化的政策の一環であり、軍事戦略や政治連携とともにソフトパワー戦略」と説明しています。
Canada's cultural-content rules have become a flashpoint in its trade fight with the U.S., after American negotiators reportedly demanded that Ottawa drop requirements for streaming services to promote Canadian and French-language content. Canada refused, even as it has already backed away from some financial levies on streamers. "We were not prepared to compromise on our sovereignty, the protection of the French language, and our culture," Prime Minister Mark Carney said in a speech on Saturday after trade talks collapsed. CBC.ca reports: Ottawa has long required broadcasters to promote and support Canadian content (Cancon), all the way back to song quotas for AM radio stations. In 1991, the government brought in the Broadcasting Act. The law states that "the Canadian broadcasting system shall be effectively owned and controlled by Canadians" and that the Canadian broadcasting system should "serve to safeguard, enrich and strengthen the cultural, political, social and economic fabric of Canada." But decades later, the rising popularity in Canada of streaming platforms such as Netflix, YouTube, Amazon Prime and Spotify raised questions about Cancon and broadcasting rules. Video and audio streaming services were not, for example, required to support and promote Cancon, but their TV and radio counterparts were. Looking to address the imbalance, the former Trudeau government brought forward a bill in 2022 to update the Broadcasting Act, called the Online Streaming Act. "Canadian broadcasters have invested in and introduced us to the incredible Canadian programs that so many of us love. We are updating our laws so online streamers have to contribute in a similar and equitable way," a 2022 government news release said. The legislation was controversial from the start, with the government and supporters saying it was a necessary evolution of Canada's media laws in the digital age, while opponents expressed concerns that it was overreach and an attempt to regulate the internet. American streamers and digital media companies opposed the legislation fiercely. The bill passed with amendments and became law in April 2023, but the government delegated much of its interpretation -- including how much money streamers would have to contribute to Cancon -- to Canada's broadcast regulator, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). But getting streaming companies to pay up has been a long and confusing saga. [...]. As for why the U.S. government is so invested in the issue? Mariane Bourcheix-Laporte, a postdoctoral fellow in the communication studies and media arts department at McMaster University in Hamilton, said it could be about power. "The Americans have had, since after World War II, a very strong cultural policy of pushing out American content into the world," Bourcheix-Laporte, who has worked with the CRTC, said. "This has been a strategy -- a soft-power strategy -- for the American government, in parallel to their military strategies and political alliances strategies."

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Perplexity and Nvidia Launch Fully Local AI Agent With Zero Token Costs

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

NvidiaとPerplexityは「Portable Computer」というローカル用のAIエージェントプラットフォームを発表しました。このプラットフォームは、Nvidia搭載のLinuxハードウェア上でAIモデルやツール、ワークフローを直接実行します。ローカルタスクはトークン料金がかかりませんし、データもデバイス上に保持されます(ただしユーザの許可が必要)。システムは必要性によりクラウドモデルへステップアップします。

Nvidiaのディレクター、Nader氏は「長年にわたり、これこそがローカルAIがアマチュアやエнthusiastから実用的なツールへと転換した瞬間だ」と述べています。従来、小さな量子化モデルで遊んでいましたが、現在のオープンソースモデルは非常に有用です。

Portable ComputerはLinux版として即日公開され、Windows版は9月にリリース予定です。最低24GB VRAMを搭載したRTX GPU( GeForce RTX 3090以降)があれば利用可能です。Nateは「実用的な体験を提供しつつ、広く普及できるようバランスを取った」と述べています。

この発表は、NvidiaがAIデータセンターだけでなくローカルAIも推進していることを示しています。
Perplexity and Nvidia have launched "Portable Computer," a local-first version of Perplexity's agent platform that runs AI models, files, tools, and workflows directly on Nvidia-powered Linux hardware. Local tasks incur no token charges and keep data on-device by default, with users asked for permission before the system escalates a step to a cloud model. VentureBeat reports: For Nvidia, which has spent the past two years selling the world on trillion-dollar AI data centers, the announcement signals something subtler but strategically important: the chipmaker believes local AI has crossed a threshold from hobbyist curiosity to practical tool -- and it wants to sell the hardware that runs it. "Local AI reached an inflection point," said Nader, Nvidia's director of developer technology, who focuses on developer tooling and open source. "For the longest time, it was hobbyists and enthusiasts, and they were running these quantized models that were quantized down to be super tiny... And while that's cool, it's not super practical. But all that changed with a lot of these new open source models that have come out that are super useful." [...] Portable Computer arrives today for Pro, Max, Enterprise Pro, and Enterprise Max subscribers on Linux, with Windows support following in September. Any RTX GPU with at least 24GB of VRAM -- roughly a GeForce RTX 3090 or newer -- clears the bar, a threshold Nate called "sort of the floor where we really want to make sure that we can deliver a great experience, but balance that with making it broadly available."

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AI Is Hitting Entry-Level Jobs Hardest, Stanford Study Finds

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

Stanford大学の最新研究によると、AIは若年層のエントリレベル職に最も大きな影響を及ぼしている。今年8月に発表された「Canaries in the Coal Mine? 人工知能による最近の雇用効果に関する6つの事実」の更新版では、前年度よりもエントリレベルの職業での雇用率が大幅に低下していることが明らかになった。22歳から25歳までの若年層で最も「AI影響を受けやすい」職種は、他の分野と比べて19%も雇用率が低いという。

この研究結果には、以下の特徴がある:
- AIの影響により、これらの若年層の新規採用が減少している。
- 従業員の解雇や辞職によるものではなく、全体的な雇用数が減っている。
- また、AIによって「自動化」される仕事は雇用率が低下し、「補完」される仕事では雇用が横ばいまたは増加している。

研究者は、エントリレベルの「文書化された知識」に基づく職種が最も影響を受けていることを示唆した。一方で、暗黙的な経験や技術に基づく職種には逆に強みがあるという結果も出た。
An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: For years, AI industry watchers of all stripes have been warning of a coming jobs apocalypse driven by ultra-intelligent AI systems that will be able to replicate most human tasks more cheaply. Now, newly updated research from Stanford University economists suggests AI seems to be causing significant entry-level job losses for younger workers in some fields, even as older workers appear largely unaffected so far. The August 2026 edition of "Canaries in the Coal Mine? Six Facts about the Recent Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence" updates and revises a paper of the same name published last year with fresh data and refined statistics. In that update, the Stanford researchers find the employment trends they identified for entry-level workers last year are persisting and expanding. Specifically, employment levels for workers ages 22 to 25 in the most "AI-exposed" occupations are now 19 percent below those of their peers in fields less exposed to AI disruption. Last year, that gap measured just 13 percent. [...] Digging deeper into the data, the researchers found that this phenomenon is mainly manifesting itself through lower hiring rates for entry-level workers in AI-impacted fields, rather than increased firings or employees quitting. They also found that the labor market effects among this age group were mostly seen in lower overall employment, rather than reduced pay rates. But not all jobs that show potential for AI "disruption" are created equal, the researchers found. In its Economic Index, Anthropic differentiates between queries related to tasks that are "automative" (i.e., fully replacing work previously done by a human) or "augmentative" (i.e., helping human workers be more effective at tasks they are still needed for). By this measure, jobs like "accountants and auditors" and "receptionists and information clerks" were among those judged most susceptible to AI automation, while jobs like "chief executive" and "registered nurse" were among those using AI augmentation most often. Unsurprisingly, jobs where AI automation is prevalent are the ones showing the worst relative employment levels for entry-level workers these days. "The findings are consistent with automation-oriented uses of AI substituting for labor while complementary uses are associated with flat or rising employment," the researchers write. Interestingly, the researchers found that the impact is strongest in entry-level jobs built around "codified" knowledge, which is the formal, documented skills that AI can more easily replicate. Meanwhile, experienced workers in roles relying on tacit, practice-based knowledge have seen stronger employment growth.

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Waymo Is Expanding to Germany

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

Waymoは2027年末までにミュンヘンでロボタクシーサービスを開始し、これによりGoogle傘下の企業は欧州連合への初めての拡大を計画しています。Waymoはすでに全米11都市で運行しており、今年英国でもロンドンでのサービス開始のためにライセンス申請を行っています。

バ伐eriaのフリオ・ヘルマン首相府長官は「先駆的な役割を果たし、自動運転車分野の国際的リーダーとなることを目指す」と述べています。「テストから実世界での展開へと速やかに移行することが必要だ」とも語りました。

ドイツの当局は2021年に承認された後、特定の地理区域で自動運転車を操縦できるようになりました。他の国も同様の措置を講じる可能性がありましたが、EUのより広範な自動運転規則はユネスコによって制定されています。

Waymoはこのサービスを開始する際には、地図作成と安全運転手とのテストを行いながら、車両をミュンヘンに順次導入すると表明しています。
Waymo plans to launch its robotaxi service in Munich by the end of 2027, marking the Google-owned company's first expansion into the European Union. "It already operates in 11 cities in the United States and has applied for a license in the United Kingdom to launch its robotaxis in London this year," notes Reuters. From the report: The Google subsidiary will start rolling out vehicles in the German city this year, which will be manually driven while the company "starts with high-definition mapping of local street networks" and testing with safety drivers, Waymo said in a statement. "Bavaria is determined to live up to its pioneering role and be an international leader in autonomous driving," Florian Herrmann, the head of the Bavarian state chancellery, said in the statement. "Now we need to move quickly from testing to real-world deployment." [...] German authorities gave autonomous vehicles the green light in 2021 to operate in the country in approved geographical areas. Other countries are looking at following suit, though the EU's broader autonomous driving rules are set by the U.N.

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Apple Announces New Mac Mini With M6 and M5 Pro Chips

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

Appleは新しいMac miniを発表し、M6チップまたはこの年初めに発表されたM5 Proチップを使用しています。新しいモデルでは、CPU、GPU、ストレージ、AI性能が向上し、Wi-Fi 7、Bluetooth 6、2.5Gb Ethernetも標準で採用されています。価格は899ドル(前モデルの799ドルから上昇)となり、2024年のモデルと比べると大幅に高くなりました。

M6チップには12コアのCPUとGPUが搭載されており、前のM5チップの10コアから進化しています。また、新たなNeural Engineは2基(各16コア)を備えています。M6チップのメモリ帯域幅は最大170GB/sで、前モデルのM5の153GB/sより向上しています。

Appleによると、M6チップ搭載のMac miniは、前のモデル(10コアM4チップ、32GB統合メモリー、2TBストレージ)と比べて、CPU性能が最大40%向上し、AIタスクでは最大4倍、グラフィックス性能とストレージ速度も最大2倍向上しています。

M5 Proは15コアのCPUと16コアGPU、または18コアのCPUと20コアGPUを持つ2つの構成が用意されています。これらのモデルともにAIタスクでは16コアのNeural Engineを搭載しています。また、M6とM5 Proの両モデルで初めて、各GPUコアにNeural Acceleratorsが組み込まれています。
Apple has unveiled a new Mac mini with either its new M6 chip or the M5 Pro chip released earlier this year. It adds faster CPU, GPU, storage, and AI performance along with Wi-Fi 7, Bluetooth 6, and 2.5Gb Ethernet as standard. There's also a new higher starting price of $899, which is up from the previous $799 base price and far above the $599 starting price of the 2024 model. MacRumors reports: The M6 chip is equipped with a 12-core CPU and a 12-core GPU, up from a 10-core CPU and 10-core GPU in the M5 chip. In addition, the M6 chip features the first-ever dual Neural Engine with two 16-core engines, up from one in previous chips. The M6 chip has up to 170GB/s memory bandwidth, up from 153GB/s for the M5 chip. Apple said the Mac mini with the M6 chip delivers up to 40% faster CPU performance, up to 4x faster performance for AI tasks in particular, up to 2x faster graphics performance, and up to 2x faster storage speeds compared to the previous-generation model with the 10-core M4 chip, 32GB of unified memory, and 2TB of storage. There are two M5 Pro configurations available, including one with a 15-core CPU and a 16-core GPU, and another with an 18-core CPU and a 20-core GPU. Both of these models are equipped with a single 16-core Neural Engine for AI tasks. For both the M6 and M5 Pro configurations, Apple said the Mac mini now includes Neural Accelerators in each GPU core for the first time.

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Motorola's 2027 Flagships Will Officially Support GrapheneOS

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著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

Motorolaは2027年のフラッグシップ機種でGrapheneOSの正式サポートを開始すると発表しました。まず折りたたみが不要なモデルから始まり、その後Razr FoldとRazr Ultraにも拡大予定です。「通常のMotorolaのAndroidスキンとともに搭載されるが、後でGrapheneOSに切り替えることも可能」とGSMArena.comは報じています。GrapheneOSによると、 THESEデバイスは「ハードウェアや更新要件を満たしまたは超過し、7年間の“適切なアップデート”を提供」します。興味深いことに、Motorola自身が多くの移植作業を行う予定です。
Motorola is working with GrapheneOS to officially support the privacy-focused Android alternative on its 2027 flagship phones, starting with a non-folding model and later expanding to the next Razr Fold and Razr Ultra. "These will ship with Motorola's normal Android skin, but you will be able to switch to GrapheneOS later if you want to," notes GSMArena.com. GrapheneOS says the devices will "meet or exceed" its hardware and update requirements, and will include seven years of "proper updates." Interestingly, Motorola will be doing much of the porting work itself.

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Windows Backdoor 'Sleepwalker' Hides in Memory Until Activated by a 'Magic Packet'

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

タイトル:Windowsバックドア「Sleepwalker」は魔術パケットにより起動され、メモリに潜んで指令を待つ

要点:
1. バックドア「Sleepwalker」は特定のネットワークパケット(「魔術パケット」)で起動し、それが到着するまで静かにメモリに潜んでいる。
2. 対象となるパケットには、バックドア独自の指令言語で書かれた短いプログラムが含まれる。
3. 指令言語は23インストラクションで構成されており、コードを直接メモリ上で実行したり、データを移動したりできるなど機能が豊富。
4. 対象となるホストアドレスとしてVMwareのVMCI(Virtual Machine Communication Interface)が使用できることも特徴的。
5. バックドアは64ビットWindows DLLファイル内に隠され、Microsoftのdpapi.dllを模倣している。実際のdpapisvc.dllへのリダイレクトを試みるなど、高度な脱皮技術を持つ。

詳細:
- 通常バックドアはコマンド&コントロールサーバーと通信し始めるが、「Sleepwalker」はネットワークトラフィックに潜んで特定のパターンを見つける。
- テクニカル分析では、感染されたまま外部に接続を行わないため、一般的なセキュリティツールには見つからない可能性があることが指摘されている。
"The Register has a story about a Windows backdoor that waits silently in memory for a 'magic packet' before springing into action," writes Slashdot reader fred133. "No outgoing traffic, just waiting..." From the report: Like a sleeper cell awaiting activation, a never-before-seen Windows backdoor dubbed Sleepwalker waits silently in memory for one specifically crafted network packet to wake it up and deliver commands using the malware's 23-instruction language. The commands can do everything from running code directly in memory to moving data off the computer. Malware researcher Dominik Reichel discovered the passive backdoor, which also has its own command language, and detailed Sleepwalker in a technical analysis on Monday. "What makes it worth writing up is what that packet carries: not a readable command, but a short program written in a command language of the backdoor's own design," Reichel said. "Its 23 instructions cover scheduling, several ways to move data, staged file delivery and running code directly in memory. Recovering the encryption key is not enough to understand one of these programs. The internal command language must be reverse engineered as well." In addition to having its own command language, it's also notable that the remote host can be a VMware VMCI target instead of a normal network address. "Taken as a whole, the approach here is consistent with a targeted, well-resourced operation rather than an opportunistic one," Reichel wrote. The malware, hidden inside a 64-bit Windows DLL file, impersonates Microsoft's dpapi.dll, part of Windows' data protection API for protecting sensitive data. It exports the same seven functions as the real dpapi.dll, but attempts to forward calls to a file named dpapisvc.dll, which is not a real Windows component. The file also has a forged ESET Management Agent version resource, and loads via side-loading into ERAAgent.exe, the Windows executable for ESET Management Agent. After confirming that its host process is named ERAAgent.exe, Sleepwalker goes to sleep inside the computer's memory, which also helps it remain hidden from traditional anti-virus tools. Unlike most backdoors, which call back to an attacker-controlled command-and-control (C2) server and start receiving commands, Sleepwalker lies in wait, checking every packet that passes through the network looking for a specific pattern - this is called a magic packet. Once it sniffs out a packet that matches the exact pattern, the backdoor decrypts the data and treats it as a command. "Because the backdoor never sends anything out on its own and does not open any obvious listening port by default, tools that watch for connections to known-bad domains or unusual outbound traffic will not see anything unusual," Reichel wrote. "The absence of outbound connections to known-bad infrastructure does not rule out an infection, either. A machine can be fully compromised by this backdoor while producing nothing at all for a network monitor to flag."

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AliExpress Leverages User Audio Systems For Fingerprinting

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

AliExpressはユーザーの音響システムを利用し、指紋認証を行う手法を採用していることが明らかになりました。開発者の「laserphile」によると、アリエクスプレスのサイトがWebAudio APIを使用して、不可聴の音声信号を放送し、それぞれのデバイスが信号を処理する微妙な違いを測定することで、ユーザーを特定する独自の指紋を作成しているとのこと。Bluetoothヘッドフォンが一時的に停止することや、画面サイズやネットワークデータなど、幅広い情報も収集されていると報告されています。

この手法は不可視かつ非同意で行われており、プライバシーに重大な影響を及ぼします。開発者は問題を解決するためにはプライバシーオリエンテッドのブラウザを使用することを推奨しています。FirefoxやBraveといったブラウザでは、この種の追跡を制限またはブロックすることが可能です。

要するに、AliExpressはユーザーのデバイス情報を無断で収集し、指紋化することでトラッキングを行っているという点が本記事の主な内容です。
A developer says AliExpress is using the browser's WebAudio API to help fingerprint users by playing inaudible audio and measuring tiny differences in how their devices process it. CyberNews reports: The developer, "laserphile," wrote on their blog that they recently ran into some weird issues with their Bluetooth headphones. They couldn't play music via their phone when, at the same time, the AliExpress website was open on their PC. The headphones, laserphile explained, support multipoint Bluetooth audio so they can be connected to the PC and phone at the same time, for instance, playing music on the phone and announcing notifications through the PC. "Shortly after loading the AliExpress homepage, audio from my phone would stop playing. Closing the AliExpress tab fixes it immediately," the developer said in the blog post. "Muting the tab/Firefox/Windows does not help, and there is no visible video, music, or other media playing on the page. This seemed suspicious enough to investigate." It turns out that Alibaba has been secretly leveraging AliExpress users' audio systems to track them and build detailed fingerprints of them. [...] The AliExpress site was using the browser's WebAudio API to run invisible sound waves at zero volume. By measuring tiny hardware differences in how each PC processed those signals, the site created a unique digital fingerprint to track devices -- without user knowledge or consent. The secret audio path froze the developer's Bluetooth connection while covertly scraping hardware memory, screen dimensions, and network data in the background. The data collection extends beyond audio. Further inspection revealed that the same scripts also measure canvas, WebGL, hardware specs, WebRTC, mouse/touch events, and automation indicators. All of these form a broad device fingerprint that is sent back to Alibaba's telemetry servers. The simplest fix is to use a privacy-focused browser such as Firefox or Brave, which can limit or block this kind of fingerprinting. Brave goes further by randomizing fingerprint data and blocking the AliExpress tracking scripts involved.

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World's Oceans Hit Highest Temperature On Record As El Nino Grows

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

海は記録を超えるほど暖かくなり、人為的な気候変動と進行するエルニーニョ現象の影響を受けています。欧州宇宙探査技術庁(Copernicus)の気候サービスによると、太平洋極地以外の平均表層水温は9月24日に21.1℃に達し、過去最高を更新しました。これは3回にわたって2024年3月に記録された21.09℃を超えたものです。

データは海面下10メートル(約32フィート10インチ)の温度を使用し、浮標や船舶、衛星からの測定を組み合わせて得られた世界全体の推計値です。専門家たちは記録更新のタイミングが注目を集めています。通常、海面温度は毎年3月か4月に最も高い値となりますが、これは南半球の夏終わりと一致しています。現在エルニーニョ現象のピーク時期にはまだ早いにもかかわらず、海洋がすでに高温になっていることは懸念材料となっています。

南半球が地球の大半を覆しているため、平均海面温度に大きな影響を与えます。サウスハンプトン大学海洋研究所のジェイムズ・グリスト准教授は、「記録更新が既に発生していることは、エルニーニョの強さの早期指標である」と述べています。「全てが同じ状況であれば、2027年3月か4月にも再び記録を更新する可能性があります」とも付け加えました。
An anonymous reader quotes a report from the BBC: The world's oceans are hotter than ever recorded, new data suggests, as they suffer from human-caused climate change and the growing El Nino weather phenomenon. The average surface temperature of the planet's seas outside the polar regions hit 21.1C (70F) on Saturday, according to figures from the European Copernicus climate change service. That edges past the 21.09C recorded on three separate days in March 2024, and is far above average for the time of year. [...] The data is based on sea temperatures 10m (32ft 10in) below the surface, using measurements from buoys, ships and satellites, which are combined to produce a global estimate. While the margin of record is currently very small and any global estimate comes with uncertainties, scientists say its timing is particularly notable. Average worldwide sea temperatures tend to reach their yearly peak in March or April, which corresponds to the end of summer in the southern hemisphere -- and not in August. The southern hemisphere contains more of the planet's ocean surface than the northern hemisphere and so exerts a bigger influence on average sea temperatures. What is especially concerning to scientists is that the oceans are already so hot when the natural El Nino weather phenomenon is still some way off its expected peak. "The fact that we are already breaking records is an early indicator of how strong the El Nino is becoming," said Dr Jeremy Grist, senior research fellow at the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton. "All things being equal we might expect the ocean temperature record to be broken again in March [or] April 2027," he added.

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Amazon Hikes Hardware Prices By 60%, Blaming Memory Shortage

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

アマゾンはハードウェア製品の価格を最大60%上乗げ、メモリーやストレージ部品費の「大幅な増加」を理由に説明した。テッククランチによると、影響を受けた製品にはファイアテレビ、 Echoスピーカー、キンドル、エーロスなどが含まれており、最も安価なエコドットの価格は一晩で49.99ドルから79.99ドルに跳ね上がった。カメルカメルカメルなどの価格比較サイトもこの値上がりを確認している。

アマゾンは「消費者電子機器業界は記憶体やストレージ部品費が大幅に上昇している」として、これらのコスト増を吸収できる限り支払ってきたが、最近では製品ライン全体の価格を見直したと述べた。一方で、来年中には時折割引キャンペーンを行う意向も示している。

関連記事:SECはAIヘッジファンド崩壊を調査中 アメリカ人が記録的な数で国外に移住 『ダービット』の創設者スコット・アダムズ氏、68歳で死去 コロナ渦の米大学、「道を忘れた」 ニューキャメルカメルカメル
価格比較サイト:カメルカメルカメル
Amazon has raised the prices of its hardware devices by as much as 60%, blaming "significant increases in memory and storage component costs." TechCrunch reports: The price explosion impacted Fire TVs, Echos, Kindles, and Eeros. One egregious example that's been cited is that of the Echo Dot, one of Amazon's cheapest smart speakers, the price of which jumped 60% overnight, from $49.99 to $79.99. Price-tracking sites like CamelCamelCamel show the stark uptick, which has previously hovered much lower. [...] The company also said that it would continue to offer occasional promotions to customers over the course of the next year. Amazon said in a statement: "The consumer electronics industry is facing significant increases in memory and storage component costs. After absorbing these increases for as long as we could, we recently adjusted pricing across our product lines."

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SEC Investigating Near-Implosion of AI Hedge Fund

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

アメリカ証券取引委員会(SEC)は、AI関連のヘッジファンド「Situational Awareness」の近乎崩壊を調査し、主要なウォール街銀行に対し取引や借入金に関する情報提供を求めている。このヘッジファンドは元OpenAI研究者のレオポルド・アシェンブレンナーによって設立され、300億ドル以上の資産を管理していたが、流動性の不足により大規模な株式売却が迫られた。

SECは小投資家を保護するために金融市場を監視しており、損失を出した投資会社に対して定期的に民事訴訟を行っている。Situational Awarenessに対する調査はまだ初期段階で、罰則や処罰につながるとは限らないという。Situational Awarenessは2年前に設立され、AIのboomに乗って急速に成長したが、高株価のAI企業の売上が下落し、従来型テクノロジー企業の株価が上昇するなど、多重のリスクにより資金不足に直面し、最終的にシティレーンに株式を格安で売り渡さざるを得なかった。

この記事は Slashdot から引用しています。関連情報として、トランプ政権によるH-1Bビザ申請料金引き上げやアマゾンのハードウェア価格上昇なども参照できるという。
The SEC is investigating the near-collapse of AI-focused hedge fund Situational Awareness, sending subpoenas to major Wall Street banks for details about the fund's trades, borrowing, and communications with lenders. The fund, founded by former OpenAI researcher Leopold Aschenbrenner, managed over $30 billion and borrowed tens of billions more before leveraged bets unraveled, forcing it to sell most of its stock portfolio to Citadel at a discount. The New York Times reports: The subpoenas asked for details on the timing of Situational Awareness's trades and for its communications with lenders about the money it was borrowing, also known as "leverage," two of those people said. The subpoenas additionally warned the banks to preserve any information regarding the San Francisco hedge fund. The S.E.C. oversees financial markets with an eye toward protecting small investors, and has brought civil cases regularly against investment firms that produced large losses. Any investigation into Situational Awareness would be at its earliest stages, and it's no guarantee that it would lead to fines or other punishment. The hedge fund has not been accused of wrongdoing. [...] Situational Awareness had a fast rise and an even quicker retreat. Founded just two years ago by Leopold Aschenbrenner, a former researcher at OpenAI, it rode the A.I. boom to soaring investment returns. To achieve those results, however, the fund relied on heavy borrowing, as well as complicated and expensive financial instruments that magnify gains -- and losses. The latter piled up quickly last month when the stock prices of publicly traded, high-flying A.I. companies dipped. At the same time, shares in more traditional technology companies -- which the hedge fund had been betting against -- rose, compounding the problem. Situational Awareness was forced into a fire sale. It wound up selling most of its stock portfolio to a rival, Citadel, at a discount.

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Trump Admin Moves to Impose More Than $100K Fee For H-1B Worker Visas

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

トランプ政権は、特定の新規H-1Bビザに対する年金額103265ドルを永久化する方針である。これにより、技術、教育、研究分野で高度な技能を持つ外国人労働者の雇用に依存する企業には大幅なコスト増が見込まれる。Reutersによると、「裁判所は今年6月にこの年金を違法と判断し、政権が収受できなくなった」とのことだ。また、ボストンの上告法院ではこの決定の検討が行われており、別の法院では主要企業団体による年金に対する挑戦に対する裁判官の妥当性も審理中である。

トランプ氏の暫定的な年金増額は今年9月に期限切れとなり、1年前から発布された。土曜日に連邦登録雑誌に公表された国土安全保障省の提案案によると、この年金が永久化される可能性がある。年内には finalize されるとみられる。

H-1Bプログラムは、米国企業が専門分野の研修を受けた外国人労働者を雇うためのもので、年間65,000件のビザと、修士以上学位を持つ2万件の別枠がある。これらのビザは通常2000ドルから5000ドル程度の手数料しかかかっていなかったが、トランプ氏の指示により大幅に増額された。

この年金は、留学生ビザを保有する外国人市民に適用されず、また現在のビザの更新に対しては適用されない。
The Trump administration is proposing to make permanent a $103,265 fee on certain new H-1B visas, dramatically increasing costs for employers that rely on highly skilled foreign workers in tech, education, and research. "A federal judge in June ruled that the fee was illegal and blocked the Trump administration from collecting it," reports Reuters. "A Boston-based appeals court is reviewing that decision while a different court considers whether a judge properly rejected a challenge to the fee by a major business group." From the report: Trump's temporary fee increase expires in September, one year after it was issued. The proposed rule by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, posted in the Federal Register on Monday, would make a fee of $103,265 permanent. It could be finalized by the end of the year. The H-1B program allows U.S. employers to hire foreign workers with training in specialty fields and offers 65,000 visas annually, with another 20,000 for workers with advanced degrees, approved for three to six years. Those visas typically came with fees between $2,000 and $5,000 before Trump's order. The fee would not apply to visas granted to foreign citizens already in the United States on student visas, who make up a large share of new H-1B recipients, or to renewals of current visas.

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Raspberry Pi Shares Its Official Tutorial For Making a Cyberdeck

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

Raspberry Piは、再流行中の自作ポータブルコンピューター「サイバーデック」の組み立て方法を説明する公式ガイドを公開しました。この指南では、Raspberry Pi 5、キーボード、バッテリー、およびPelican型ケースを使用します。

この動きは、再流行中の自作ポータブルコンピューター(サイバーデック)のトレンドに対応したものだと言います。ザ・ヴェージュによると、Raspberry Piのソーシャル担当責任者、Ashley Whittakerは「今年サイバーデックには目が離せない」と述べています。

また、Raspberry Piは今やRAMなどの部品価格の上昇により複数回価格を上げているため、この Growing Market に対する支援も期待されています。同社の公式ガイドに含まれる16GB版のRaspberry Pi 5は、4月に100ドル値上がりし、元々の価格の約83%になりました。

関連リンク: 中国は野心的な探査機Chang'e 7の打ち上げを2027年まで延期
Raspberry Pi 4型3GBが発売され、価格も再び上昇
トランプ政権はH-1Bビザ取得者に対して10万ドル以上の手数料を求める方針に移行
Raspberry Pi has published an official guide for building a cyberdeck, leaning into a viral trend of homemade portable computers built from repurposed cases, purses, and other oddball hardware. The guide uses a Raspberry Pi 5, keyboard, battery, and Pelican-style case. The Verge reports: Raspberry Pi's head of social, Ashley Whittaker, acknowledged the cyberdeck trend today, saying "we haven't been able to get away from cyberdecks this year." Raspberry Pi has also increased its prices multiple times this year due to rising costs for RAM and other components, which could be another reason to support this growing market of active and would-be hobbyists. The 16GB version of the Raspberry Pi 5 included in the company's official cyberdeck guide got a $100 price hike in April, nearly as much as the board's original $120 price.

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Nvidia Senior Manager Linked To Supermicro Scheme Smuggling AI Servers To China

✇Slashdot
著者: BeauHD

🤖 AI Summary

台湾当局对涉嫌非法向中国出口高端AI服务器并伪造文件掩盖违规行为的9人提起诉讼,其中包括一名Nvidia高级经理和两名Supermicro员工。这些人在美国实施出口管制的情况下,试图规避相关法规。

据路透社报道,检察官没有透露姓名,但确认嫌疑人因“信任侵犯和伪造文件”被捕。目前尚有一名与案件有关联者潜逃,涉嫌挪用分销公司资金,协助中国获取受限的Nvidia芯片。

2022年起,美国要求出口半导体到中国需获得许可,目的是通过领先中国在AI竞赛中保护国家安全。Supermicro创始人Wally Liaw因涉嫌自2024年以来向中国非法输送价值约25亿美元的AI服务器被捕后,台湾展开了独立调查以了解详情。

调查显示,共谋者试图伪造文件,使130台B300服务器看似在台湾设施中安装和使用。但实际上74台最终被出口并交付给中国客户,另有56台则因海关检查异常未能交货。据台湾官员称,Nvidia经理与Supermicro员工在不同层面进行勾结以谋取巨额利润,非法出口高端服务器,增加了企业合规成本,并严重损害了国家的国际声誉。

Supermicro对此表示,公司将致力于保护先进技术和知识产权,并将继续与台当局合作,强化安全措施、提升供应链透明度和执行出口管制法律。
An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: Taiwan has indicted nine people -- reportedly including an Nvidia senior manager and two Supermicro employees based in the country -- who allegedly helped forge documents to cover up illegal exports of high-end AI servers to China in violation of US export controls. On Monday, Reuters reported that prosecutors in Keelung did not release any names but confirmed that the suspects were "charged with breach of trust and document forgery." One suspect linked to a related case remains at large, accused of the "siphoning of funds from a distributor company involved" in helping China get access to restricted Nvidia chips. Since 2022, the US has required a license to export semiconductors to China, with the intent of protecting national security by staying ahead of China in the AI race. But after the US arrested Supermicro co-founder Wally Liaw in March for allegedly funneling $2.5 billion in restricted AI servers to China since 2024, Taiwan launched a separate probe to learn more about the scheme. Taiwan's investigation found that co-conspirators attempted to falsify documents to make it appear that 130 B300 servers were installed and in use at a Taiwan facility. But 74 of those servers "were ultimately exported and delivered to Chinese customers," Reuters reported, while the rest, 56, were intended to go to China but were blocked once Taiwanese customs officials "detected irregularities." According to Taiwan officials, Nvidia's manager and Supermicro employees "colluded with one another at various levels for enormous profit, illegally exporting high-end servers, increasing corporate compliance costs, and severely damaging our nation's international image." Supermicro said in a statement to PCMag: "Supermicro is committed to protecting our advanced technologies and intellectual property. We are working closely with Taiwanese authorities on recent events, which underscore the importance of continued collaboration across industry and government to strengthen safeguards, enhance supply chain visibility, and facilitate the enforcement of export control laws."

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