🤖 AI Summary
**中国が太陽光・風力を急拡大しながらも大量の石炭火力を建設している理由と課題**
- **2025年の石炭火力増設規模**
- 1 GW以上の大型ユニットを50基以上(合計78 GW)新設。過去10年で年間20基未満だったのが一気に増加。
- 同年の増設規模は、インドが過去10年間で建設した総量を上回る勢い。
- **再生可能エネルギーの伸び**
- 2025年に太陽光が315 GW、風力が119 GW追加。
- これにより全体の発電構成に占める石炭比率は約1 %低下し、需要増加分は主に再エネでまかなわれた。
- **政府の方針と背景**
- 石炭は風力・太陽光の天候依存性を補う「安定したバックアップ電源」と位置付け。
- 2022年の水力不足は西部の干ばつが要因で、供給リスク回避のため石炭火力を増やす必要があったと説明。
- **リスクと批判**
- 大量の石炭火力は、老朽化・非効率なプラントの廃止が遅れ、再エネへの転換を阻害する恐れがある。
- 政治的・財政的プレッシャーで稼働を継続させる可能性が指摘されている。
- **今後の提言**
- 老朽化した石炭プラントの早期退役と、次期(2025‑2030年)五カ年計画で電力部門の排出増加を防止する目標設定が求められる。
**要点**:再生可能エネルギーの導入は急速に進んでいるものの、電力供給の安定確保やリスク回避のために2025年だけで過去最大規模の石炭火力が建設された。これが温室効果ガス削減目標と矛盾する懸念から、老朽化プラントの廃止と排出増加抑制策が急務とされている。
Long-time Slashdot reader schwit1 shared this article from the Associated Press:
Even as China's expansion of solar and wind power raced ahead in 2025, the Asian giant opened many more coal power plants than it had in recent years — raising concern about whether the world's largest emitter will reduce carbon emissions enough to limit climate change.
More than 50 large coal units — individual boiler and turbine sets with generating capacity of 1 gigawatt or more — were commissioned in 2025, up from fewer than 20 a year over the previous decade, a research report released Tuesday said. Depending on energy use, 1 gigawatt can power from several hundred thousand to more than 2 million homes. Overall, China brought 78 gigawatts of new coal power capacity online, a sharp uptick from previous years, according to the joint report by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, which studies air pollution and its impacts, and Global Energy Monitor, which develops databases tracking energy trends. "The scale of the buildout is staggering," said report co-author Christine Shearer of Global Energy Monitor. "In 2025 alone, China commissioned more coal power capacity than India did over the entire past decade."
At the same time, even larger additions of wind and solar capacity nudged down the share of coal in total power generation last year. Power from coal fell about 1% as growth in cleaner energy sources covered all the increase in electricity demand last year. China added 315 gigawatts of solar capacity and 119 gigawatts of wind in 2025, according to statistics from the government's National Energy Administration...
The government position is that coal provides a stable backup to sources such as wind and solar, which are affected by weather and the time of day. The shortages in 2022 resulted partly from a drought that hit hydropower, a major energy source in western China... The risk of building so much coal-fired capacity is it could delay the transition to cleaner energy sources [said Qi Qin, an analyst at the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air and another co-author of the report]... Political and financial pressure may keep plants operating, leaving less room for other sources of power, she said. The report urged China to accelerate retirement of aging and inefficient coal plants and commit in its next five-year plan, which will be approved in March, to ensuring that power-sector emissions do not increase between 2025 and 2030.
Read more of this story at Slashdot.