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魔法 Mushrooms（エリケシオ）に1回の摂取で脳構造的な変化が生じることが小さな研究で示されました。カリフォルニア大学サンフランシスコ校のロビン・カルハート＝ハリス教授は、「単一のドosisで何ヶ月も後の脳の変化を観察できるのは驚異的だ」と述べています。専門的なスキャンによる研究結果では、25mgのpsilocybin摂取後、一部の神経束縫が密度が増し、強くなったことが判明しました。
一方で、カーハート＝ハリス教授は、「これらの変化が意味するところはまだわからないが、全体的には被験者がポジティブな心理的な変化を示した」と述べています。また、大脳の混乱度（エントロピー）の上昇と深い心理的洞察力や改善された幸福感との関連性も示されました。
ニューロ科学者アルフレッド・クォン教授は、マウスでの研究で psychedelic薬が神経接続を再編成し、「可塑性」が治療効果の背後にある可能性があると指摘しています。しかし、人間でも同様の現象が起こるかどうかは未知数です。
この研究は被験者が少ないことやスキャン結果の限界から完全な証拠とは言えませんが、「魔法 Mushrooms」による持続的な脳構造変化の証拠を提供していると評価されています。
A small study found that a single 25mg dose of psilocybin produced measurable brain changes that were still visible a month later, along with reported improvements in psychological insight, wellbeing, and mental flexibility. The Guardian reports: Evidence for the changes came from specialized scans that measured the diffusion of water along nerve bundles in the brain. They suggested that some nerve tracts had become denser and more robust after the drug was taken. While the findings are preliminary, the scientists said the opposite was seen in ageing and dementia. "It's remarkable to see potential anatomical brain changes one month after a single dose of any drug," said Prof Robin Carhart-Harris, a neurologist at the University of California, San Francisco, and senior author on the study. "We don't yet know what these changes mean, but we do note that overall, people showed positive psychological changes in this study, including improved wellbeing and mental flexibility."
[...] Writing in Nature Communications, the researchers describe another key finding. Those who had the largest spike in brain entropy after psilocybin were most likely to report deeper psychological insight and better wellbeing a month later, underlining the link between flexible thinking and improved mental health. "It suggests a psychobiological therapeutic action for psilocybin," said Carhart-Harris. Prof Alex Kwan, a neuroscientist at Cornell University in New York, said studies in mice had shown that psychedelics can rewire connections between nerves, a form of "plasticity" that could underlie their therapeutic effects. The big question is whether the same occurs in humans. "This study comes closer than most to addressing that question, by giving evidence of lasting changes in brain structure after psychedelic use," he said. But while the results were "exciting," the study involved a small number of people and DTI provides an indirect and limited view of brain connections, he said.
Read more of this story at Slashdot.
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